ࡱ> ( N/ 0|DTimes New Roman0z[ 0DTahomaew Roman0z[ 0" DArialew Roman0z[ 00DWingdingsRoman0z[ 0@DPhoneticTMoman0z[ 0R C0.  @n?" dd@  @@`` ( \\    0AA@8- ʚ;ʚ;g4fdfd z[ 0jppp@ <4ddddL 0820___PPT10 pp___PPT9($&Lexicology as a Branch of Linguistics & LECTURE 1 %Lexicology as a Branch of Linguistics&&(%| Lexicology: central terms Parts and areas of lexicology Two approaches to language study Lexical units Varieties of words H{%{$$d  I. Lexicology: central termsLexicology Word VocabularyR% $$$$ $$ !II. Parts and Areas of Lexicology! Parts of Lexicology: a) General Lexicology; b) Special Lexicology. Areas of Lexicology: a) Historical Lexicology; b) Descriptive Lexicology; c) Comparative Lexicology; d) Contrastive Lexicology; e) Combinatorial Lexicology; f) Applied Lexicology. %Z2%Z%Z%Z  #Modern English Lexicology studies: $$(#Semasiology Word-Structure Word-Formation Etymology of the English Word-Stock Word-groups and Phraseological Units Variants of The English Language Lexicography% %III. Two Approaches To Language Study&& %The synchronic (descriptive) approach is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time or at the present time. The diachronic (historical) approach refers to Historical Lexicology that deals with the evolution of the vocabulary units of a language over time. J Z!j  Q  IV. Lexical Units7Morphemes; Words; Word-groups; Phraseological units. 6  V. Varieties of WordsFThe word is a two-facet unit possessing both form and content or soundform and meaning. Neither can exist without the other. Paradigm - the system showing a word in all its word-forms. Word-forms  grammatical forms of words. Lexico-semantic variant  the word in one of its meanings. #$ ( 4  &4     Variants of WordsGroup 1: Lexico-semantic variants: to learn by heart, to learn about smth. Group2: a) phonetic variants: often [ O:Sn] and [ O:Stn]; b) morphological variants: learned [-d] and learnt [-t].  Bn(      Conclusion The most essential feature of variants of words of both groups is that a slight change in the morphemic or phonemic composition of a word is not connected with any modification of its meaning.    A change in meaning is not followed by any structural changes, either morphemic or phonetic. Like word-forms variants of words are identified in the process of communication as making up one and the same word.   eThus, within the language system the word exists as a system and unity of all its forms and variants d J ` fzodf̙` Z\l[]kfEo` f3̙` hk]gj\fݿO` d^fPP̙f` N]1Ra3z` K` ~{3f` fff` ^fPP̙f` f3^fPP̙f` f3^fffPP̙f` f3^fffPP̙f>?" dd@,?%Pd@ d %P@d`%P n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` `6p>> 80P(  F|T   "/b  # "   D0e0e    B C>DETF\   ; 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||UtBstc=\;;d{}>C O9 . }  +,@S"w\v    0e0e    B~C> DEF   ~@ 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||!!A|:Gt[R[xQKSFT> "     OM ;~DU3CD@S"\    t0e0e    BdC# DElFt   ~@ 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||QHSqsuNp^^ Y # lj  2 s j X    ^d78@S"-xP    0e0e    BC DEF   ; 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||##PR5i?-GEUFIv|o  q }?  g " 6  { !'q.i#1GH@S"yzAJ   0e0e    BCDE,F4   ; 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E|| ]WksT0@S"}*    0e0e    BCC]DEF$   ~@ 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||H (XC]@S"5x    l0e0e    B C\ DEhFp   ~@ 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||^qS|$>UvhX\ u*~rr@7  58@S" $ p    0e0e    BwCEDEDFN   tE 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||li>E wY#=l$(@`S"> +p     40e0e    BC*DELFT   tE 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||!tN:goOy*BY'(@S"     <0e0e    B CDEPFX   tE 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||  Q,b@H40x 0  T  S ),@S"b *   0e0e    B?CVDEF$   tE 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||j9jz VA?@S"C0   0e0e    BCDE$F.   tE 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E|| @=mh@`S"Z xV  C 0e0e    B CDElFv d@  5% 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||`P@P@pp`P ` PP  pP` P` PP`p08<@`S"2` .Lb i # "it  6Pq"^ jVt  6Pq"AMSt  6Pq"&2Nt  6c"Tt  6c"Yt  6A+h"Xt  6g"Vt  6Y"Et  6Y"iuHt  6 ]"KWMt  6_"+ 7Rt  6^N"*t  6R" t  6R"-t   6T"0t ! 6e?"t " 6e?"t # 6/gD"wt $ 6H"Yet % 6I"8"9IEt & 6I"8"Y*t ' 6I"8"kt ( 6e?"|t ) 6_&"t * 6_&""t + 6D -" Rt , 6D -"l"xat - 65n" H t . 65n" 6 t / 6M" # t 0 6M"  t 1 6"Y ' t 2 6"L2 > t 3 6">L X t 4 6"(a mm t 5 6"  t 6 6T "  t 7 6< "  t 8 6< "u  t 9 6" $ t : 6"2 > t ; 6"K W t < 6ޑ"e q t = 6z"  t > 6K"  t ? 6K"  t @ 6}"  t A 6 " ' t B 6p"0 < t C 6p"H T t D 6"c o t E 6D"  t F 6V"  t G 6V"  t H 6V"  t I 6"MD P t J 6C"ZU a t K 6+"ik w t L 6+"v|  t M 6B" L t N 6B"  a t O 6B" p t P 6", *  Q BCDE,F6 @.^ ppO0@`"  t R 6m" t S 6"J V t T 6Y"  t U 6Y"  t V 6Y"  t W 6B" $ t X 6["4Z @ t Y 6["Ob [ t Z 6  t a 6J"59 A t b 6"S6 _ t c 6"r7 ~ t d 6j"Q  t e 6"L  t f 6٧"H  t g 6J"C  t h 6̙" t i 6|S"v  t j 6&"$l 0 t k 6+W"A^ M t l 6" + t m 6 "Z f t n 6\"v t o 6\" t p 6!_" t q 6r"# K/ t r 66"r# ~t s 66"{ m t t 6r"# / t u 6yb" t v 6Ifo"o {t w 6DmW"}t x 68K"FROt y 6k?" t z 63"i,ut { 6"" . t | 6 "* 6 t } 69"E t ~ 6("  t  6[" t  6o"+ 7 t  6="0  t  6~"  t  6"3 % t  60"{ " t  6v" U t  6o"r i~ t  63" d t  6Ü "f  t  6"    BCxDE4F> x *lr<f$Nlfl$$rx @`"R@    BZCNDE4F> B$B$$N0H$$H6Z*6*B$ @`" m    BeCYDE8FB6YAS0#YAe;SG S)0$-D)56Y @`"a[   BSCNDE4F> $NS06$*606<$B0B$N @`"    BZCHDE4F> ZB$H$B*$66<00< N*Z @`" &   BZCTDE4F> *<*<H B*666HTZ*T*< @`"    BC DEF& @`"   BC0DEF&00*00@`" %+   B$CBDEF&$$B$$@`"+Et  6" : t  6"a m `  "BCDEF:""f;ojuxw=TT>7;*N h"l)o3u5{77/'~aM0$!YSOZk`"e hbf@           `" `  "aBCDEF:""f;ojuxq/TT>7;*N h"l)o3u5{77/'~aM0$!YSOZk`"e hbf@           `"j #   h0e0e     ?B\CDEF d @ 5% 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E||F\6 @`S" G2   `r?2 @?"(    6ȷ "`  Z"1@075F 703>;>2:0  0̷ "^`  Z*0    0з "^   \*0    0ַ "^   \*0  n  0ڷ "  1@075F B5:AB0 B>@>9 C@>25=L "@5B89 C@>25=L '5B25@BK9 C@>25=L OBK9 C@>25=LMr  Zd޽h @ ? K80___PPT10. SE @0=8F0L  ` "(   F|T    "/b   # "    D0e0e    B C>DETF\   ; 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||UtBstc=\;;d{}>C O9 . }  +,@S"w\v     0e0e    B~C> DEF   ~@ 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||!!A|:Gt[R[xQKSFT> "     OM ;~DU3CD@S"\     t0e0e    BdC# DElFt   ~@ 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||QHSqsuNp^^ Y # lj  2 s j X    ^d78@S"-xP     0e0e    BC DEF   ; 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||##PR5i?-GEUFIv|o  q }?  g " 6  { !'q.i#1GH@S"yzAJ    0e0e    BCDE,F4   ; 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E|| ]WksT0@S"}*    0e0e    BCC]DEF$   ~@ 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||H (XC]@S"5x    l0e0e    B C\ DEhFp   ~@ 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||^qS|$>UvhX\ u*~rr@7  58@S" $ p    0e0e    BwCEDEDFN   tE 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||li>E wY#=l$(@`S"> +p     40e0e    BC*DELFT   tE 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||!tN:goOy*BY'(@S"     <0e0e    B CDEPFX   tE 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||  Q,b@H40x 0  T  S ),@S"b *    0e0e    B?CVDEF$   tE 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||j9jz VA?@S"C0    0e0e    BCDE$F.   tE 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E|| @=mh@`S"Z xV   C 0e0e    B CDElFv d@  5% 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p A)BCD|E||`P@P@pp`P ` PP  pP` P` PP`p08<@`S"2` .Lb i  # "it   6Pq"^ jVt   6Pq"AMSt   6Pq"&2Nt   6c"Tt   6c"Yt   6A+h"Xt   6g"Vt   6Y"Et   6Y"iuHt   6 ]"KWMt   6_"+ 7Rt   6^N"*t   6R" t   6R"-t   6T"0t !  6e?"t "  6e?"t #  6/gD"wt $  6H"Yet %  6I"8"9IEt &  6I"8"Y*t '  6I"8"kt (  6e?"|t )  6_&"t *  6_&""t +  6D -" Rt ,  6D -"l"xat -  65n" H t .  65n" 6 t /  6M" # t 0  6M"  t 1  6"Y ' t 2  6"L2 > t 3  6">L X t 4  6"(a mm t 5  6"  t 6  6T "  t 7  6< "  t 8  6< "u  t 9  6" $ t :  6"2 > t ;  6"K W t <  6ޑ"e q t =  6z"  t >  6K"  t ?  6K"  t @  6}"  t A  6 " ' t B  6p"0 < t C  6p"H T t D  6"c o t E  6D"  t F  6V"  t G  6V"  t H  6V"  t I  6"MD P t J  6C"ZU a t K  6+"ik w t L  6+"v|  t M  6B" L t N  6B"  a t O  6B" p t P  6", *  Q  BCDE,F6 @.^ ppO0@`"  t R  6m" t S  6"J V t T  6Y"  t U  6Y"  t V  6Y"  t W  6B" $ t X  6["4Z @ t Y  6["Ob [ t Z  6  t a  6J"59 A t b  6"S6 _ t c  6"r7 ~ t d  6j"Q  t e  6"L  t f  6٧"H  t g  6J"C  t h  6̙" t i  6|S"v  t j  6&"$l 0 t k  6+W"A^ M t l  6" + t m  6 "Z f t n  6\"v t o  6\" t p  6!_" t q  6r"# K/ t r  66"r# ~t s  66"{ m t t  6r"# / t u  6yb" t v  6Ifo"o {t w  6DmW"}t x  68K"FROt y  6k?" t z  63"i,ut {  6"" . t |  6 "* 6 t }  69"E t ~  6("  t   6[" t   6o"+ 7 t   6="0  t   6~"  t   6"3 % t   60"{ " t   6v" U t   6o"r i~ t   63" d t   6Ü "f  t   6"     BCxDE4F> x *lr<f$Nlfl$$rx @`"R@     BZCNDE4F> B$B$$N0H$$H6Z*6*B$ @`" m     BeCYDE8FB6YAS0#YAe;SG S)0$-D)56Y @`"a[    BSCNDE4F> $NS06$*606<$B0B$N @`"     BZCHDE4F> ZB$H$B*$66<00< N*Z @`" &    BZCTDE4F> *<*<H B*666HTZ*T*< @`"     BC DEF& @`"    BC0DEF&00*00@`" %+    B$CBDEF&$$B$$@`"+Et   6" : t   6"a m `   "BCDEF:""f;ojuxw=TT>7;*N h"l)o3u5{77/'~aM0$!YSOZk`"e hbf@           `" `   "aBCDEF:""f;ojuxq/TT>7;*N h"l)o3u5{77/'~aM0$!YSOZk`"e hbf@           `"j #    h0e0e     ?B\CDEF d @ 5% 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E||F\6 @`S" G2    `r?2 @?"(    <xl "Z l Z"1@075F 703>;>2:0  0l " `   l `(1@075F ?>4703>;>2:0  0Ll "`` l \*0    0l "`  l ^* 0    0l "`  l ^* 0  r  Zd޽h @ ? K80___PPT10. SE* @*(  x  c $l Z l r  S l  `   l H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.}w*:  (:(  (r ( S :t`  t  ( S  ' t "p`PpH ( 0޽h ? f3^fffPP̙f80___PPT10.}:  0:(  0r 0 S At  t  0 S Ht t "p`PpH 0 0޽h ? f3^fffPP̙f80___PPT10.~ЃD:  4:(  4r 4 S 8St`  t  4 S Yt t "p`PpH 4 0޽h ? f3^fffPP̙f80___PPT10.~=:  <:(  <r < S yt  t  < S Pl t "p`PpH < 0޽h ? K80___PPT10.o$  @$(  @r @ S l  l r @ S l  l H @ 0޽h ? K80___PPT10.p/$  D$(  Dr D S ,"l  t r D S /l] l H D 0޽h ? K80___PPT10.9-$  H$(  Hr H S @t  t r H S tz t H H 0޽h ? K80___PPT10.#$  L$(  Lr L S ,t  t r L S t t H L 0޽h ? K80___PPT10.ѯ$  @X$(  Xr X S t`  t r X S Ht7 t H X 0޽h ? K80___PPT10.{4  0T(  Tr T S ht9 t H T 0޽h ? K80___PPT10.:P*  P\(  \r \ S ?lG l H \ 0޽h ? K80___PPT10.`5j709;t= ? &?Oh+'0^ hp   PowerPoint PresentationoweCompassUserss19rMicrosoft PowerPointon@Z@@coۮFG]g  .  --- @ !---- @ !/---- @ !&---- @ ! ---- @ !,--ֿ-- @ ! #--վ-- @ !C--ӽ-- @ !)^--һ-- @ !--к-- @ !,--ι-- @ !&--ͷ-- @ !/--˶-- @ !F"--ʴ-- @ !Ih--ȳ-- @ !<---'--.%_ .3s]^~0! L~o\--'--F%!k<t.?39UrN1KG\7%-]a%]A# --'--:%-K4 "*--o  l2YJLbj-4 --'--J%#S*8UT^| Cm K> G?LjJUwso`l01 12q--'--% `lc0`ykD`>HP--'--% R]--'--8%-/$'4H8hnU>.;H`"\--'--&$.AhuAl;@g;!f;--'--*%cjf`n~cL/2zc--'--,%^[iJc'+e--'--%4--'--$ kv~u\k--'--:$KldG}`lu ,$\*:C`!62 --'-- $ --'-- $ --'-- $  --'-- $,*(*--'-- $'%#%--'-- $#  --'-- $--'-- $FDDF--'-- $@>>@--'-- $;99;--'-- $6435--'-- $_]_a--'-- $ZXY[--'-- $URTV--'-- $PMOQ--'-- $wuz|--'-- $rpuw--'-- $mkoq--'-- $hfjl--'-- ${|--'-- $~--'-- $--'-- $~--'-- $kltr--'-- $npwv--'-- $qs{z--'-- $uv~|--'-- $XZ_]--'-- $\^ca--'-- $`agf--'-- $dflj--'-- $DGJH--'-- $IKNL--'-- $LNSQ--'-- $PRVT--'-- $/120--'-- $3575--'-- $79<:--'-- $<>A?--'-- $--'-- @ !--'-- @ !"--'-- $&()'--'-- $--'-- $ --'-- $   --'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'--$ TY_djsngb\T--'-- $ig "--'-- $*(--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $tvzx--'-- $y{}--'-- $~--'-- $--'-- $[]_]--'-- $`bec--'-- $ehjh--'-- $kmpn--'-- $BDEC--'-- $GIJH--'-- $MOOM--'-- $RTUS--'-- $)+)'--'-- $/1.,--'-- $3531--'-- $8:86--'-- $ --'-- $ --'-- $--'-- $--'-- $ "--'-- $KM F D--'-- $bK`Lynzm--'-- $&(--'-- $}~--'-- $1/+.--'-- $--'-- $JHIK--'-- $dbhj--'-- ${y--'-- $wy--'-- $givt--'-- $ --'-- $%' --'-- $WY\Z--'-- $oqyw--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $--'-- $@BHF--'-- $TV`^--'--$ 5" 34%&33&&45--'--$     --'-- $ "--'--$ {mh~`uevf|c~eyhzifhzk{m--'--$ --'--$ --'--$--'--$--'--$--'-- $*,.,--'-- $>@><--'--$T~ "%')**++,,,~,|+{*z)y'y&x$w"u"t#s#r$q%q'p(q*r+t+u,u-u-u/u0u0t0t0s/r.p-o,m*m)l&l$l#m!m nprsuvwy!z#{%|&}'~''&%#!}~~}}}~--'--x$:ntptrustusurvqvpvovnvmtlslrlrlqmpmomnmnlojojpjqjrjrjsisishrhqhohohnimilklllmlnmonpopporosntntotptpsqsrrrqrprorososnt--'&&A Ff7=((7 ; ; < < < < = = = = = = = = = > > > >  > > >  >  > > >  >  > > >  > > ?  ?  ? ? ?  ?  ? ? ?  ?  ? ? ?  ? ? ?  ?  ? ? ?  ? ??&&&--&&- && &$(Ze2'((& &&-$(Ze2'((-&&&&&-&&&TNPPA Ff7=((7 ; ; < < < < = = = = = = = = = > > > >  > > >  >  > > >  >  > > >  > > ?  ?  ? ? ?  ?  ? ? ?  ?  ? ? ?  ? ? ?  ?  ? ? ?  ? ??" " FGDICF(GDIC1 ; ; < < < < = = = = = = = = = > > > >  > > >  >  > > >  >  > > >  > > ?  ?  ? ? ?  ?  ? ? ?  ?  ? ? ?  ? ? ?  ?  ? ? ?  ? ?? '&&TNPP''&&WA Ff %* 1(          &&&--&&- && &F$!?<9754 4#4&5)7+9-</?0C0F/J/M-P+S(V&W#X YXWUSPMJFB?& &&-F$!?<9754 4#4&5)7+9-</?0C0F/J/M-P+S(V&W#X YXWUSPMJFB?-&&&&&-&&&TNPPWA Ff %* 1(          " " FGDICFGDICFGDICF(GDIC FGDICF(GDICUFGDICF(GDICJFGDICRp@"Tahoma\z0\H,8y0 0@t޷ ,0,pt\0 H  dv%    T}"t@@}L|Lexicology as a Branch %          '&&TNPP''@"Tahoma-. *2 }Lexicology as a Branch %'%#)))&(!(,'*#*.. K*2 zLexicology as a Branch %'%#)))&(!(,'*#*."System-@"Tahoma-. 2 n!of Linguistics )%*)*!#!.. K2 kof Linguistics )%*)*!#!.-@"Tahoma-. 2  LECTURE 1s.. 2  LECTURE 1s.-՜.+,00    2?; A Times New RomanTahomaArial Wingdings PhoneticTM'Lexicology as a Branch of Linguistics &Lexicology as a Branch of LinguisticsI. Lexicology: central terms"II. Parts and Areas of Lexicology$Modern English Lexicology studies: &III. Two Approaches To Language StudyIV. Lexical UnitsV. Varieties of WordsVariants of Words Conclusion 11 12     _v?UserUser  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)Current UserSummaryInformation(^PowerPoint Document(?DocumentSummaryInformation8