ࡱ> [vbjbj)ΐΐp ,@t0h70909090909090$,242]0!@]0~0$$$70$70$$g/h/ + LI v/#0000/5#5 /5/4$]0]0$05 ( :&/ ! 14. " #'/  $  # % #!! /+ 1. =0G5=85, <5AB>, A>45@60=85, ?@8=F8?K >1CG5=8O <>@D>;>388 =0 C@>:0E @CAA:>3> O7K:0. 2. 5B>48:0 87CG5=8O B5>@5B8G5A:8E ?>=OB89 ?> <>@D>;>388. 3. #<5=8O 8 =02K:8 ?> <>@D>;>388, <5B>4K 8E D>@<8@>20=8O. 4. >@D>;>38G5A:89 @071>@ =0 C@>:0E @CAA:>3> O7K:0. 5. -B0?K 87CG5=8O <>@D>;>388 >@D>;>38O >B=>A8BAO : B@048F8>==> 87CG05<K< 2 H:>;5 @0745;0< CG51=>3> ?@54<5B0 @CAA:89 O7K:. >@D>;>38O 2 H:>;5 @0AA<0B@8205BAO :0: G0ABL 3@0<<0B8:8; 8<55B >1J5:B>< A2>53> 87CG5=8O G0AB8 @5G8, A2>9AB25==K5 8< 3@0<<0B8G5A:85 (<>@D>;>38G5A:85) :0B53>@88 8 D>@<K A;>2. AB5AB25==>, GB> >?@545;5=85 ?@54<5B0 87CG5=8O <>@D>;>388 2 H:>;L=>< :C@A5 D>@<C;8@C5BAO 2 4>ABC?=>< 45BO< 2845: <>@D>;>38O - @0745; =0C:8 > O7K:5, 2 :>B>@>< A;>2> 87CG05BAO :0: G0ABL @5G8. ?@545;5=8O <>@D>;>38G5A:8E :0B53>@89, D>@<K A;>2, ?0@0483< 2 CG51=8:0E =5B; MB8 B5@<8=K =5 =0720=K 8 2 ?0@03@0D0E, ?>A2OI5==KE :064>9 87 G0AB59 @5G8 (A<.: 04K65=A:0O ".., 0@0=>2 .". 8 4@. CAA:89 O7K:. 5 :;0AA. ., 2004). B1>@ G0AB59 @5G8 4;O 87CG5=8O 2 A@54=8E :;0AA0E >1I5>1@07>20B5;L=>9 H:>;K O2;O5BAO ?@>1;5<>9 4;O <5B>48:8 ?@5?>4020=8O @CAA:>3> O7K:0. 5 2>7=8:05B 2>?@>A>2 >B=>A8B5;L=> 2:;NG5=8O 2 ?>;=>< >1J5<5 2 H:>;L=K9 :C@A B5E G0AB59 @5G8, :>B>@K5 >B=>AOBAO : >1I5?@87=0==K< 2 ;8=328AB8G5A:>9 =0C:5: ACI5AB28B5;L=KE, ?@8;030B5;L=KE, ?@54;>3>2, A>N7>2, G0AB8F. B=>A8B5;L=> 3@0=8F 8 >1J5<0 B0:8E G0AB59 @5G8, :0: <5AB>8<5=8O, G8A;8B5;L=K5, 3;03>;K, =0@5G8O, =0CG=0O 3@0<<0B8:0 =5 405B >4=>7=0G=>3> @5H5=8O. 040G0 H:>;L=>9 <>@D>;>388 2 MB>< A;CG05 A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K >?@545;8BL, :0:>5 87 ?@54;0305<KE @5H5=89 =08;CGH8< >1@07>< >B25G05B F5;O<, :>B>@K5 AB02OBAO ?5@54 ?@54<5B><. @8 2K45;5=88 <5AB>8<5=89, A>3;0A=> >4=><C ?>4E>4C, CG8BK205BAO B>;L:> A2>5>1@0785 8E A5<0=B8:8 8 =5 CG8BK205BAO @07=0O 3@0<<0B8G5A:0O ?@8@>40 A;>2, 2:;NG05<KE 2 @07@O4 <5AB>8<5=89.  G0AB=>AB8, =0@O4C A ?@54<5B=>-;8G=K<8(O, BK, >=)2 A>AB02 <5AB>8<5=89 2:;NG0NBAO A;>20, :>B>@K5 87<5=ONBAO ?> @>40<, G8A;0< 8 ?04560<, :0: 8<5=0 ?@8;030B5;L=K5, 8 2 ?@54;>65=88 2K?>;=ONB BC 65 A8=B0:A8G5A:CN @>;L, GB> 8 ?@8;030B5;L=K5(<>9, MB>B, B0:>9, :0:>9, :0:>9-B>8 B. ?.). A;8 65 ?@8=8<0BL 2> 2=8<0=85 =5 B>;L:> A2>5>1@0785 A5<0=B8G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K <5AB>8<5=89, => 8 3@0<<0B8G5A:85 >A>15==>AB8 (>BACBAB285 @07;8G89 2 D>@<0E @>40 8 G8A;0, ?@>B82>?>AB02;5=85 D>@<K 8<5=8B5;L=>3> ?04560 D>@<0< :>A25==KE ?045659 ?@8 A:;>=5=88, 0 B0:65 >A>15==>AB8 A8=B0:A8G5A:8E A2O759 <5AB>8<5=89 A >?@545;ONI8<8 8<5=0<8 ?@8;030B5;L=K<8 8 ACI5AB28B5;L=K<8 8 4@.), B> B>;L:> G0ABL A;>2, B@048F8>==> =07K205<KE <5AB>8<5=8O<8, >:065BAO >B=5A5==>9 : <5AB>8<5=8O<:O, BK, >=, >=8, <K, 2K, >=8, A515, :B>, GB>, :B>-B>, GB>-B>, :B>-=81C4L, GB>-=81C4L, :B>-;81>, GB>-;81>, :>5-:B>, :>5-GB>, =5:B>, =8:B>, =8GB>, =5:>3>, =5G53>.-B> B0: =07K205<K5 ?@54<5B=>-;8G=K5 <5AB>8<5=8O, 8;8, ?> 8=>9 B5@<8=>;>388, <5AB>8<5=8O-ACI5AB28B5;L=K5 (8=>3@04>2 .. CAA:89 O7K:. ., 1947). AB0;L=K5 B0: =07K205<K5 <5AB>8<5=8O 2>94CB 2 G8A;> ?@8;030B5;L=KE.  H:>;L=>< :C@A5 <>@D>;>388 ?@8=OB ?5@2K9 ?>4E>4. 5B>48:0 8AE>48B 87 01AB@0:B=>AB8 7=0G5=8O <5AB>8<5=89. 0: 8725AB=>, >B2;5G5==>ABL A5<0=B8:8 <5AB>8<5=89 O2;O5BAO >A=>2=>9 ?@8G8=>9 @07;8G=>3> @>40 =54>G5B>2 2 @5G8, ?>MB><C 2 H:>;5 F5;5A>>1@07=> >4=>2@5<5==> @0AA<0B@820BL 8 <5AB>8<5=8O-?@8;030B5;L=K5, GB>1K 2K@01>B0BL C 45B59 >B=>H5=85 : <5AB>8<5=8O< :0: : A;>20< A8BC0F8>==K<, 7=0G5=85 :>B>@KE >?@545;O5BAO 7=0=85< A8BC0F88 @5G8 ( 5D>@<0BA:89 .. 2545=85 2 O7K:>2545=85. ., 1967). @8 C?>B@51;5=88 <5AB>8<5=89 =5>1E>48<> A;548BL 70 B5<, GB>1K A>>B25BAB2CNI89 :>=B5:AB (A;>25A=K9 8;8 1KB>2>9) ?@84020; 8< =C6=CN >4=>7=0G=>ABL. !CI5AB2CNB @07;8G=K5 273;O4K 8 >B=>A8B5;L=> A>AB020 G8A;8B5;L=KE. .. 8=>3@04>2 >B=>A8B : G8A;8B5;L=K< AG5B=K5(>48=, 420, B@88 B.4.), :>;8G5AB25==>-A>18@0B5;L=K5(>10, >158 B.?.) 8 =5>?@545;5==>-:>;8G5AB25==K5(A:>;L:>, AB>;L:>8 B.?.) A;>20 =0 B>< >A=>20=88, GB> >=8 >1J548=5=K =5 B>;L:> A5<0=B8:>9, => 8 A>2>:C?=>ABLN <>@D>;>38G5A:8E 8 A8=B0:A8G5A:8E ?@8<5B: 1) >BACBAB285< D>@< G8A;0; 2) ?@>B82>?>AB02;5=85< ?@O<>3> (8<5=8B5;L=>3>) 8 :>A25==KE ?045659 2 A:;>=5=88 8 4@. (8=>3@04>2 .. CAA:89 O7K:). @8 MB>< B0: =07K205<K5 ?>@O4:>2K5 G8A;8B5;L=K5 2:;NG0NBAO 2 @07@O4 >B=>A8B5;L=KE ?@8;030B5;L=KE, ?>A:>;L:C 2 ?>@O4:>2KE G8A;8B5;L=KE @5;L5D=> 2KABC?0NB 2A5 B8?8G5A:85 G5@BK 8<5=8 ?@8;030B5;L=>3>: 53> A;>2>>1@07>20B5;L=K5 D>@<K, A8AB5<0 A:;>=5=8O, A8=B0:A8G5A:85 DC=:F88 (8=>3@04>2 .. CAA:89 O7K:).  B>< A;CG05, :>340 CG8BK205BAO B>;L:> A5<0=B8G5A:0O 8 A;>2>>1@07>20B5;L=0O A2O7L :>;8G5AB25==KE 8 B0: =07K205<KE ?>@O4:>2KE G8A;8B5;L=KE (157 CG5B0 A8AB5<K A:;>=5=8O G8A;8B5;L=KE, =0;8G8O C =8E, :0: 8 C ?@8;030B5;L=KE, :0B53>@89 @>40 8 G8A;0, A>3;0A>20=8O 8E A ACI5AB28B5;L=K< 2 @>45, G8A;5, ?04565, 0 B0:65 8E C?>B@51;5=8O 2 ?@54;>65=88 2 @>;8 >?@545;5=8O), A;>20, >1>7=0G0NI85 ?>@O4>: ?@54<5B>2 ?@8 AG5B5, 2:;NG0NBAO 2 :0B53>@8N G8A;8B5;L=KE. #G0I85AO 157>H81>G=> 2K45;ONB G8A;8B5;L=K5, CG8BK20O 8E A5<0=B8:C. >MB><C H:>;L=0O <>@D>;>38O B@048F8>==> @0AA<0B@8205B 8 :>;8G5AB25==K5, 8 ?>@O4:>2K5 G8A;8B5;L=K5 :0: >4=C G0ABL @5G8. 081>;55 A;>6=K< O2;O5BAO 2>?@>A > <5AB5 ?@8G0AB89 8 455?@8G0AB89 2 A8AB5<5 G0AB59 @5G8.  3@0<<0B8G5A:>9 ;8B5@0BC@5 ?> MB><C 2>?@>AC 8<5NBAO B@8 B>G:8 7@5=8O. !>3;0A=> ?5@2>9, ?@8G0AB8O 8 455?@8G0AB8O - D>@<K 3;03>;0 (@0<<0B8:0 @CAA:>3> O7K:0. ., 1960). @8 MB>< 3;03>; >?@545;O5BAO :0: G0ABL @5G8, >1J548=ONI0O A;>20 A> A2>5>1@07=>9 ?0@0483<>9, 2:;NG0NI59 2 A2>9 A>AB02 B0: =07K205<K5 ?@548:0B82=K5 8 =5?@548:0B82=K5 D>@<K (D>@<K ;8F0, G8A;0, 2@5<5=8 8 =0:;>=5=8O, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, ?@8G0AB8O 8 455?@8G0AB8O - A 4@C3>9), <>@D>;>38G5A:8 8 A8=B0:A8G5A:8 @07;8G=K5. @8G0AB8O 8 455?@8G0AB8O, A?@O305<K5 8 =5A?@O305<K5 D>@<K 3;03>;0 >1J548=O5B B>645AB2> ;5:A8G5A:>3> 7=0G5=8O 8 :0B53>@88 2840 8 70;>30 (@0<<0B8:0 A>2@5<5==>3> @CAA:>3> ;8B5@0BC@=>3> O7K:0. ., 1970). !>3;0A=> 4@C3>9 B>G:5 7@5=8O, ?@8G0AB8O 8 455?@8G0AB8O E0@0:B5@87CNBAO :0: 381@84=K5, A<5H0==K5 :0B53>@88, 2:;NG5==K5 2 ?@8;030B5;L=>5 (?@8G0AB85) 8 =0@5G85 (455?@8G0AB85) (8=>3@04>2 .. CAA:89 O7K:). 0:>=5F, ?@8G0AB85 8 455?@8G0AB85 @0AA<0B@820NBAO :0: A0<>AB>OB5;L=K5 G0AB8 @5G8 ((0=A:89 ... "8E>=>2 .. !>2@5<5==K9 @CAA:89 O7K:. ., 1981; !>2@5<5==K9 @CAA:89 O7K: / >4 @54. 81@>2>9 .., 2001).  3;03>;L=KE :0B53>@8OE, ?@8ACI8E ?@8G0AB8N, >1KG=> H:>;L=8:0< =8G53> =5 A>>1I05BAO, :@><5 B>3>, GB> >=8 5ABL. AB5AB25==>, GB> C?>B@51;5=85 B5@<8=>2 284, 2@5<O =5 >1JOA=O5B CG5=8:0<, ?>G5<C ?@8G0AB85 - MB> D>@<0 3;03>;0. A;8 65 CG0I85AO C7=0NB > 7=0G5=88 :0B53>@88 2@5<5=8 C ?@8G0AB8O (:0B53>@8O 2@5<5=8 C ?@8G0AB8O, :0: 8725AB=>, >B;8G05BAO >B :0B53>@88 2@5<5=8 A?@O305<KE D>@< 3;03>;0: ?@8G0AB8O 8<5NB >B=>A8B5;L=CN D>@<C 2@5<5=8, B. 5. 8E 2@5<O >?@545;O5B 459AB285 ?> >B=>H5=8N : 3;03>;L=><C A:07C5<><C), B> @07=8F0 2 7=0G5=88 MB8E :0B53>@89 C ?@8G0AB8O 8 A?@O305<KE D>@< 3;03>;0 4>;6=0 =025AB8 =0 <KA;L, GB> ?@8G0AB85 A:>@55 A0<>AB>OB5;L=0O G0ABL @5G8, G5< D>@<0 3;03>;0. A5 A2545=8O > ?@8G0AB88, 87CG05<K5 2 H:>;5, ?@8 >A>7=0=88 8E CG0I8<8AO <>3CB ?@825AB8 : 2K2>4C, GB> ?@8G0AB85 - MB> A0<>AB>OB5;L=0O G0ABL @5G8 A> A2>8< A>1AB25==K< 7=0G5=85<, A?5F8D8G5A:8<8 <>@D>;>38G5A:8<8 ?@87=0:0<8 8 A8=B0:A8G5A:>9 @>;LN, 0 =5 D>@<0 3;03>;0. "> 65 :0A05BAO 8 455?@8G0AB89.  H:>;L=>< :C@A5 <>@D>;>388 =5>4=>:@0B=> 87<5=O;>AL >B=>H5=85 : ?@8G0AB8N 8 455?@8G0AB8N. "@048F8>==> 8E @0AA<0B@820;8 :0: D>@<K 3;03>;K.  B> 65 2@5<O C65 2 :>=F5 60-E 3>4>2 2 >4=>< 87 M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE CG51=8:>2 ?@8G0AB85 8 455?@8G0AB85 40=K :0: A0<>AB>OB5;L=K5 G0AB8 @5G8 (0@0=>2 ."., @83>@>O= ."., C;81010 .. 8 4@. CAA:89 O7K:: #G51=8: 4;O 5-6 :;0AA>2. ., 1969). "0:0O :;0AA8D8:0F8O G0AB59 @5G8 =5 1K;0 ?@8=OB0 CG8B5;O<8, ?>A:>;L:C >BACBAB2>20;> <5B>48G5A:>5 >15A?5G5=85.  =0AB>OI55 2@5<O 2 ?@>3@0<<5 ?> @CAA:><C O7K:C 4;O V-IX :;0AA>2 02B>@>2 .".0@0=>20, "..04K65=A:>9, . . (0=A:>3> ?@8G0AB85 8 455?@8G0AB85 B@0:BCNBAO :0: A0<>AB>OB5;L=K5 G0AB8 @5G8. 0==0O :;0AA8D8:0F8O >B@065=0 8 2 =5:>B>@KE H:>;L=KE CG51=8:0E ( CAA:89 O7K:. 7 :;0AA / .". 0@0=>2, ".. 04K65=A:0O, .. "@>AB5=F>20. ., 2001; 0109F520 .., '5A=>:>20 .. CAA:89 O7K:. 5-9. ., 1995).  C:070==CN ?@>3@0<<C 2:;NG5=0 :0: A0<>AB>OB5;L=0O G0ABL @5G8 :0B53>@8O A>AB>O=8O.  ;8=328AB8:5 :0B53>@8O A>AB>O=8O :0: A0<>AB>OB5;L=0O G0ABL @5G8 AB0;0 @0AA<0B@820BLAO 2 =0G0;5 XX 25:0, E>BO =0 55 A5<0=B8G5A:85 8 DC=:F8>=0;L=>-A8=B0:A8G5A:85 >B;8G8O >B =0@5G89 8 ?@8;030B5;L=KE C:07K20;8 5I5 . . 0@A>2, . X. >AB>:>2, $. . CA;052. ?5@2K5 B5@<8= :0B53>@8O A>AB>O=8O 225; . .)5@10 2 AB0BL5  G0ABOE @5G8 2 @CAA:>< O7K:5 (1928), ?>4G5@:=C2 2 =0720=88 A5<0=B8G5A:CN >1I=>ABL A;>2 40==>9 G0AB8 @5G8. "5@<8= :0B53>@8O A>AB>O=8O 8A?>;L7CNB 2 A2>8E B@C40E B0:85 CG5=K5, :0: ..8=>3@04>2, .. 0;:8=0-$54>@C:, . . 2>7452 8 4@. ;O >1>7=0G5=8O 40==>9 3@C??K A;>2 8A?>;L7C5BAO 8 4@C3>9 B5@<8= - ?@548:0B82=K5 =0@5G8O (. . 2AO=8:>-C;8:>2A:89, . . (0E<0B>2), ?>4G5@:820NI89 8E A8=B0:A8G5A:CN DC=:F8N.  =0CG=>9 ;8B5@0BC@5 2AB@5G0NBAO >10 B5@<8=0, => ?>A;54=89 C?>B@51;O5BAO 2 B5E A;CG0OE, :>340 :0B53>@8O A>AB>O=8O =5 2K45;O5BAO :0: A0<>AB>OB5;L=0O G0ABL. 587<5=O5<K5 A;>20, >1>7=0G0NI85 M<>F8>=0;L=>5, 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=>5 8;8 D878G5A:>5 A>AB>O=85 G5;>25:0, A>AB>O=85 ?@8@>4K, A?>A>1=K5 A>G5B0BLAO A> A2O7:>91KBL8 C?>B@51;ONI85AO 2 DC=:F88 3;02=>3> G;5=0 157;8G=KE ?@54;>65=89, >B=5A5=K : A0<>AB>OB5;L=>9 G0AB8 @5G8 - :0B53>@88 A>AB>O=8O. -B> >1CA;>2;5=> @O4>< ?@8G8= <5B>48G5A:>3> E0@0:B5@0.  ?@>3@0<<5 G0AB8 @5G8 @0AA<0B@820NBAO :0: O7K:>2>5 2K@065=85 O2;5=89 >:@C60NI53> <8@0. "5@<8= :0B53>@8O A>AB>O=8O C4>15=, ?>A:>;L:C 53> ;5:A8G5A:>5 7=0G5=85 <>65B 1KBL @0A:@KB> G5@57 7=0G5=85 A;>20A>AB>O=85. -B> >1;53G05B ?>=8<0=85 <>@D>;>38G5A:>3> <0B5@80;0. 5B>48:0 87CG5=8O <>@D>;>38G5A:8E 7=0=89 8 D>@<8@>20=8O <>@D>;>38G5A:8E C<5=89 8 =02K:>2  H:>;L=K9 :C@A <>@D>;>388 2:;NG5=K :0: >1>1I5==K5 ?>=OB8O G0AB8 @5G8 8 <>@D>;>38G5A:85 ?@87=0:8 G0AB59 @5G8. '0AB8 @5G8 >?@545;5=K :0: 3@C??K A;>2: 1) 8<5NI85 >48=0:>2>5 >1I55 7=0G5=85; 2) 8<5NI85 >4=8 8 B5 65 <>@D>;>38G5A:85 ?@87=0:8; 3) 2K?>;=ONI85 >4=C 8 BC 65 A8=B0:A8G5A:CN @>;L.  :0G5AB25 ?5@2>3> ?@8=F8?0 :;0AA8D8:0F88 C:070=> 7=0G5=85, >1J548=ONI55 A;>20 2 3@0<<0B8G5A:85 :;0AAK A;>2 - G0AB8 @5G8. -B> 7=0G5=85 =0720=> >1I8<. "5< A0<K< 70D8:A8@>20=> >B;8G85 MB>3> 7=0G5=8O >B ;5:A8G5A:>3> 8 >B 3@0<<0B8G5A:8E (<>@D>;>38G5A:8E) 7=0G5=89 A;>20.  :0G5AB25 2B>@>3> ?@8=F8?0 :;0AA8D8:0F88 =0720=K <>@D>;>38G5A:85 ?@87=0:8.  G8A;> <>@D>;>38G5A:8E ?@87=0:>2 2:;NG5=K <>@D>;>38G5A:85 :0B53>@88 (@>4, G8A;>, ?0456 8 4@.), ;5:A8:>-3@0<<0B8G5A:85 @07@O4K (A>1AB25==K5 8 =0@8F0B5;L=K5, >4CH52;5==K5 8 =5>4CH52;5==K5 ACI5AB28B5;L=K5; :0G5AB25==K5 8 >B=>A8B5;L=K5 ?@8;030B5;L=K5; ?5@5E>4=K5 8 =5?5@5E>4=K5 3;03>;K) 8 D>@<0;L=K5 :;0AAK A;>2 (1, 2 8 3-5 A:;>=5=8O; I 8 II A?@O65=8O). 1J548=5=85 2A5E C:070==KE A2>9AB2 A;>2 A ?><>ILN B5@<8=0 <>@D>;>38G5A:85 ?@87=0:8 F5;5A>>1@07=> ?> 42C< ?@8G8=0<: 1) B0:8< >1@07>< >1>1I05BAO, A8AB5<0B878@C5BAO <0B5@80;; 2) =5 ?@8E>48BAO 70=8<0BLAO G8AB> :;0AA8D8:0F8>==>9 @01>B>9.  <>@D>;>38G5A:8< ?@87=0:0< 2>7<>65= 548=K9 ?>4E>4.  8AA;54>20=8OE . . >=40@:> (>=40@:> .. "5>@8O <>@D>;>38G5A:8E :0B53>@89. ., 1976) <>@D>;>38G5A:85 :0B53>@88, ;5:A8:>-3@0<<0B8G5A:85 @07@O4K 8 D>@<0;L=K5 :;0AAK A;>2 (B. 5. B5 ?@87=0:8 G0AB59 @5G8, :>B>@K5 2 H:>;L=>9 <>@D>;>388 =0720=K <>@D>;>38G5A:8<8 ?@87=0:0<8) E0@0:B5@87CNBAO B5<, GB> AB@C:BC@=> ?@54AB02;ONB A>1>9 >??>78F88, E>BO 8 @07=>3> 2840. "@5B89 ?@8=F8? :;0AA8D8:0F88 - A8=B0:A8G5A:0O @>;L G0AB8 @5G8. !8=B0:A8G5A:89 ?@87=0: G0AB8 @5G8 - MB> 55 >1KG=0O, ?5@28G=0O A8=B0:A8G5A:0O DC=:F8O. # @07;8G=KE G0AB59 @5G8 =01;N405BAO AE>4AB2> 2 A8=B0:A8G5A:8E DC=:F8OE. "5< =5 <5=55 :0640O A0<>AB>OB5;L=0O G0ABL @5G8 8<55B >A=>2=K5, ?5@28G=K5 A8=B0:A8G5A:85 DC=:F88. "0:, 8<O ACI5AB28B5;L=>5 :0: G0ABL @5G8 A2O70=> A @>;LN ?>4;560I53>, 3;03>; - A:07C5<>3>, 8<O ?@8;030B5;L=>5 - >?@545;5=8O 8 B.4. <5==> MBC DC=:F8N B>3> 8;8 8=>3> A;>20 =5>1E>48<> CG8BK20BL 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L, @5H0O 2>?@>A >1 >B=5A5==>AB8 A;>20 : >?@545;5==>9 G0AB8 @5G8. ?@545;5=8O G0AB59 @5G8 =5 ?@54;030NBAO CG5=8:0< 4;O 70?><8=0=8O.  @57C;LB0B5 2K?>;=5=8O 2K45;5==KE 4;O 87CG5=8O <>@D>;>388 C<AB25==KE 459AB289 CG5=8:8 CA20820NB MB8 >?@545;5=8O :0: >B@065=85 A2>8E A>1AB25==KE 459AB289. 2545=85 >1>1I5==KE <>@D>;>38G5A:8E ?>=OB89 ?>72>;O5B @0AA<0B@820BL :064CN 87 G0AB59 @5G8 :0: G0AB=K5 8 :>=:@5B=K5 7=0=8O, :>B>@K5 A;54C5B 2K25AB8 87 ?>=OB8O G0AB8 @5G8 :0: 87 A2>59 548=>9 >A=>2K. -B> A?>A>1AB2C5B D>@<8@>20=8N C H:>;L=8:>2 =0CG=KE 7=0=89. 0 ?@>BO65=88 B@5E ;5B 87CG5=8O A8AB5<0B8G5A:>3> :C@A0 <>@D>;>388 >1>1I5==K5 <>@D>;>38G5A:85 ?>=OB8O :>=:@5B878@CNBAO, A>45@60=85 8E >1>30I05BAO, => 459AB28O CG5=8:>2 >AB0NBAO =587<5==K<8, GB> ?>72>;O5B 02B><0B878@>20BL CG51=>-O7K:>2K5 C<5=8O, CA:>@8BL ?@>F5AA 87CG5=8O <>@D>;>38G5A:8E B5<, 2K45;8BL 1>;LH5 CG51=>3> 2@5<5=8 4;O D>@<8@>20=8O ?@02>?8A=KE 8 @5G52KE C<5=89 8 =02K:>2, ?>2KH5=8O :C;LBC@K @5G8 CG0I8EAO. "0:8< >1@07>< =0 ?@0:B8:5 @50;87CNBAO ?@8=F8?K 45OB5;L=>AB=>3> ?>4E>40 8 @072820NI53> >1CG5=8O. >AB865=85 :><?;5:A0 F5;59 ?@8 87CG5=88 <>@D>;>38G5A:8E B5< 2>7<>6=> >15A?5G8BL >@30=870F859 @01>BK ?> G5BK@5< =0?@02;5=8O<. 5@2>5 =0?@02;5=85 2 87CG5=88 G0AB59 @5G8 >15A?5G8205B CA2>5=85 <>@D>;>38G5A:8E A2545=89 8 D>@<8@>20=85 C<5=89 8 =02K:>2 2 :@0BG09H85 A@>:8. 7CG5=85 A8AB5<0B8G5A:>3> :C@A0 <>@D>;>388 F5;5A>>1@07=> =0G0BL A 22545=8O MB8E ?>=OB89 2 V :;0AA5. 48= 87 2>7<>6=KE 20@80=B>2 22>40 MB8E 42CE >1>1I5==KE <>@D>;>38G5A:8E ?>=OB89 B0:>2. !=0G0;0 CG5=8:8 C15640NBAO 2 =5>1E>48<>AB8 7=0=89 ?> <>@D>;>388 ?@8 2K?>;=5=88, =0?@8<5@, B0:8E C?@06=5=89. 1. @>G8B09B5 ?>MB8G5A:89 B5:AB. ?@545;8B5, =C6=> ;8 C<5BL @0A- ?>7=020BL G0AB8 @5G8, GB>1K ?@028;L=> 2AB028BL ?@>?CI5==K5 1C:2K. !?8H8B5. 5B5@, 25B5@! "K <>3CG.., "K 3>=O5HL AB08 BCG.., "K 2>;=C5H.. A8=5 <>@5, AN4C 255H.. =0 ?@>AB>@5,5 1>8H..AO =8:>3>, @><5 >30 >4=>3>.;L >B:065H.. <=5 2 >B25B5?5 2840; ;8 345 =0 A25B5 "K F0@52=K <>;>4>9?/ 65=8E 59. (.!.CH:8=) K?>;=8B5 C?@06=5=8O 8 >B25BLB5 =0 2>?@>A: ?><>305B ;8 7=0=85 <>@D>;>388 >2;045BL =>@<0<8 @CAA:>3> ;8B5@0BC@=>3> O7K:0? 2. A5340 ;8 2K ?@028;L=> C?>B@51;O5B5 8<5=0 ACI5AB28B5;L=K5 2 D>@<5 @>48B5;L=>3> ?04560 <=>65AB25==>3> G8A;0?  A;CG05 70- B@C4=5=8O >1@0B8B5AL : A;>20@N. 1@8:>AK -01@8:>A>2; O1;>:8 -O1;>:: @1C7K - ... ; <0=40@8=K - ... ; ?><84>@K - ...; B><0BK - ... ; <0:0@>=K - ... ; <5AB0 - ...; 45;0 - ... ; A0?>38- ... 3. @>A?@O309B5 3;03>;E>B5BL. /  K- "K  K  = =8  *,BD%%%%&&&&f&h&&&PPPPSSSdTUstttt0u2uuuuwwx&x(x4x6x$y'hPOhVSG0J6B*CJ]aJph#hPOhVSG6B*CJ]aJph!hPOhVSG0JB*CJaJphhPOhVSGB*CJaJph hPOhVSGB*CJ\aJphhPOhVSGB*CJaJph333 hPOhVSGB*CJ\aJph33366  (j$ +0,6b9>AHO$[$\$a$gdVSG$[$\$`a$gdVSG [$\$gdVSG$[$\$a$gdVSG$a$gdVSGOdTUU`WxY^aPh`n\oqrsuvw6x&ydytyyy,N$ & F[$\$a$gdVSG$[$\$a$gdVSG$yRyTybydyrytyyyyy,24BDLN^`hj "NZ\bdrtȆʆͷͷͷͷͷͷͷͷͷͷͷ*hPOhVSG0J6B*CJ\]aJph&hPOhVSG6B*CJ\]aJph'hPOhVSG0J6B*CJ]aJphU#hPOhVSG6B*CJ]aJph!hPOhVSG0JB*CJaJphhPOhVSGB*CJaJph7>A;5 2K?>;=5=8O B0:8E 7040=89 ?OB8:;0AA=8:8 C15640NBAO 2 B><, :0: 206=> C<5BL 157>H81>G=> @0A?>7=020BL G0AB8 @5G8 8 8E D>@<K. 0: MB> 45;0BL, 2KOA=O5BAO ?@8 GB5=88 AB0BL8, ?>4>1=>9 40==>9 =865. AA;54C5< A;>2>7;>. :0:>9 G0AB8 @5G8 53> >B=5AB8? >4A:065<, GB> 2KO28BL 53> <>@D>;>38G5A:>5 ;8F> <>6=> 2 :>=B5:AB5, B.5. 2 ?@54;>65=88. >A<>B@8<, :0: ?@>O2;ONBAO 53> ?@87=0:8 2 A;54CNI8E ?@54;>65=8OE. ;>@>6405B7;>. 3> ;8F>7;>. = ?>A<>B@5;7;>. >-?5@2KE, >?@545;8<, :0:>5 >1I55 3@0<<0B8G5A:>5 7=0G5=85 8<55B A;>2>7;>2 :064>< ?@54;>65=88. ('B>?);>@>6405B(GB>?)7;>.(@54<5B.) 8F>(:0:>2>?)7;>.(@87=0: ?@54<5B0.) >A<>B@5;(:0:?)7;>.(@87=0: 459AB28O.) >-2B>@KE, >?@545;8<, :0:85 <>@D>;>38G5A:85 ?@87=0:8 >=> 8<55B, :0: 87<5=O5BAO. 1. ;>, 7;0, 7;C... !;>2> A@54=53> @>40, 2-3> A:;>=5=8O, 87<5=O5BAO ?> ?04560<. 2. 8F>7;>.#;K1:07;0.8F07;K. !;>2> 87<5=O5BAO ?> @>40< 8 G8A;0<; ?> ?04560< =5 87<5=O5BAO. 3. >A<>B@5;7;>;?>A<>B@5;07;>;?>A<>B@5;87;>. 587<5=O5<>5 A;>2>; >:>=G0=8O =5 8<55B,-> -ACDD8:A. -B@5BL8E, >?@545;8< 53> @>;L 2 ?@54;>65=88. >4;560I55 8 4>?>;=5=85. !:07C5<>5. 1AB>OB5;LAB2>. K2>4. ;> -8<O ACI5AB28B5;L=>5. ;> -8<O ?@8;030B5;L=>5 (:@0B:>5). ;> -=0@5G85. =0;87 B5:AB0 ?>42>48B ?OB8:;0AA=8:>2 : 70:;NG5=8N > =5>1E>48<>AB8 CG5B0 A>2>:C?=>AB8 ?@87=0:>2 ?@8 >?@545;5=88 ?@8=04;56=>AB8 A;>20 : G0AB8 @5G8. =0G8B5;L=> >1;53G05B D>@<8@>20=85 ?>=OB8O G0ABL @5G8, C<5=85 8E @0A?>7=020BL 8 @0728B85 A?>A>1=>AB8 AB@>8BL C<>70:;NG5=85 @01>B0 A B01;8F59, :>B>@0O 45;05B =03;O4=>9 4;O CG5=8:0 2AN F5?>G:C C<>70:;NG5=8O. 01>B0 A B01;8F59 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B MB0?0 87CG5=8O 8 ?>43>B>2;5==>AB8 :;0AA0 ?@>2>48BAO 2 @07;8G=>9 D>@<5. #G8B5;L <>65B 1) G5@B8BL B01;8FC, 70?8AK20BL 703>;>2:8 =04 :064K< 87 AB>;1F>2 8 70?>;=OBL ;52K9 AB>;15F; 2) G5@B8BL B01;8FC, ?8A0BL 703>;>2:8 4;O >B25B>2, 0 70?>;=ONB 55 CG5=8:8; 3) G5@B8BL B>;L:> B01;8FC, 0 703>;>2:8 ?8HCB 2K720==K5 : 4>A:5 CG5=8:8, 70?8AK20O 70B5< >B25BK 2 :064K9 87 AB>;1F>2. 7<5=5=85 D>@<K 70?8A8 A2845B5;LAB2C5B > @>AB5 A0<>AB>OB5;L=>AB8 CG5=8:>2. @8 2K?>;=5=88 @01>BK >1O70B5;L=> 3@0D8G5A:>5 >1>7=0G5=85 <>@D5<, =>A8B5;59 <>@D>;>38G5A:>3> 7=0G5=8O. 5@2>=0G0;L=> 70?8AL 2 B01;8F5 45;05BAO 2 @0725@=CB>< 2845. @8<5@ <>@D>;>38G5A:>3> @071>@0 A;>20?>74=5987 ?@54;>65=8OABL ?@5;5ABL 8 2 A0<>9 ?>74=59 >A5=8. ;0= @071>@0 G0AB8 @5G8<O ?@8;030B5;L=>5 :0: G5ABL @5G8>@D>;>38G5A:89 @071>@ A;>20 ?>74=591. 1I55 3@0<<0B8G5A:>5 7=0G5=85@87=0: ?@54<5B0 :0:>9? G59? >A5=8 :0:>9? >74=59  ?@87=0: ?@54<5B02. >@D>;>38G5A:85 ?@87=0:80G. D>@<0: 8<. ?., <.@., 54. G. 7<5=O5BAO ?> @>40<, ?04560<, G8A;0<.  ?>;=>9 8;8 :@0B:>9 D>@<5. D.  ?>74=89.  65=. @.  ?>74=OO >A5=L3. !8=B0:A8G5A:0O @>;L?@545;5=85, @565 - A:07C5<>5?@545;5=85!@54AB20<8 ?5@540G8 H:>;L=8:0< MB8E 7=0=89 8 D>@<8@>20=8O =0 8E >A=>25 C<5=89 8 =02K:>2 2 V :;0AA5 A;C60B: ?0<OB:0 0: >?@545;OBL G0AB8 @5G8; >?@545;5=8O :>=:@5B=KE G0AB59 @5G8, A>45@60I85 A>2>:C?=>ABL C:070==KE :@8B5@852; >1@07FK @0AAC645=89 ?@8 0=0;875; 4. >1@07FK <>@D>;>38G5A:>3> @071>@0 G0AB59 @5G8. B>@>5 =0?@02;5=85.#A20820O B5>@5B8G5A:85 A2545=8O ?> <>@D>;>388, CG0I85AO ?@0:B8G5A:8 >2;04520NB O7K:>2K<8 A@54AB20<8 CG51=>-=0CG=>9 @5G8: ;5:A8:>9, A8=B0:A8G5A:8<8 :>=AB@C:F8O<8 8 B8?0<8 @5G8 (A?>A>10<8 87;>65=8O). @8 MB>< ?@54CA<0B@8205BAO >1CG5=85 A;CH0=8N, 3>2>@5=8N 8 ?8AL<C :0: 2840< @5G52>9 45OB5;L=>AB8; 87CG5=85 >A=>2 ;8=328AB8:8; >2;045=85 =0CG=K< AB8;5<. 0?@8<5@, CG0I85AO 3>B>2OB >B25B > @07@O40E =0@5G89. #G8B5;L 70?8AK205B =0 4>A:5 A;>2>A>G5B0=85?> 7=0G5=8N 45;OBAO =0,>1@0I05B 2=8<0=85 :;0AA0 =0 MBC 70?8AL 8 ?@54;0305B 2> 2@5<O >B25B0 8A?>;L7>20BL 40==>5 A;>2>A>G5B0=85. !B@C:BC@=>-A5<0=B8G5A:0O AE5<0 >B25B0, :>B>@>9 CG0I85AO >2;04520NB, B0:>20: (CG8B5;L)0@5G8O ?> 7=0G5=8N 45;OBAO =0...(CG5=8:8)...420 @07@O40: >1AB>OB5;LAB25==K58>?@545;8B5;L=K5. ?@545;5=85 G0AB59 @5G8 AB@>8BAO ?> AE5<0<: GB> 5ABL GB>; GB> =07K205BAO G5<; G5< =07K205BAO GB>. -B8 AE5<K 70?8AK20NBAO =0 4>A:5, 8 CG0I8<AO @5:><5=4C5BAO 8A?>;L7>20BL 8E ?@8 ?>AB@>5=88 >?@545;5=89. "@5BL5 =0?@02;5=85. A=>2=0O 7040G0 H:>;L=>3> :C@A0 @CAA:>3> O7K:0 - ?>2KH5=85 C@>2=O @5G52>9 :C;LBC@K H:>;L=8:>2. 06=59H8< 0A?5:B>< :C;LBC@K @5G8 O2;O5BAO =>@<0B82=>ABL. > <=5=8N <=>38E ;8=328AB>2, ;8B5@0BC@=K9 O7K: - MB> A>7=0B5;L=> :>48D8F8@>20==K9 O7K:. >A;54=55 - A>7=0B5;L=0O :>48D8:0F8O O7K:0 - ?@O<0O 7040G0 :C;LBC@K @5G8. >MB><C @01>B0 ?> <>@D>;>388, >?8A0==0O 2KH5, @5:><5=4C5BAO 4;O B>3>, GB>1K CG0I85AO >A>7=0==> >2;04520;8 =>@<0<8 ;8B5@0BC@=>9 @5G8, ?@8<5=O;8 ?@8>1@5B5==K5 7=0=8O 2 ?@0:B8G5A:8E F5;OE. 7CG5=85 <>@D>;>388 >15A?5G8205B H:>;L=8:0< >2;045=85 D>@<0<8 A;>2, A;>2>A>G5B0=89 8 ?@54;>65=89, A>>B25BAB2CNI8E =>@<0< ;8B5@0BC@=>3> O7K:0. >AB8305BAO MB>B @57C;LB0B 1;03>40@O ?>41>@C A>>B25BAB2CNI53> 4840:B8G5A:>3> <0B5@80;0. @8 @50;870F88 ?>4>1=>9 =0?@02;5==>AB8 C?@06=5=89 CG5=8: ?>AB02;5= ?5@54 =5>1E>48<>ABLN 2K1@0BL A;>2>, D>@<C A;>20 8 A;>2>A>G5B0=8O, ?@54;>3, A>>B25BAB2CNI85 =>@<0< ;8B5@0BC@=>3> O7K:0. 040=8O MB8E C?@06=5=89 AD>@<C;8@>20=K 2 >A=>2=>< >48=0:>2>: @>A:;>=O9B5 CAB=> 8;8 ?8AL<5==> B5 8;8 8=K5 A;>20, 1@07C9B5 BC 8;8 8=CN D>@<C, !>AB02LB5 A;>2>A>G5B0=8O, A?>;L7C9B5 ?>4E>4OI85 ?> A<KA;C ?@54;>38, 0948B5 >H81:8 8 70?8H8B5 ?@54;>65=8O 2 8A?@02;5==>< 2845. A=>2=0O B@C4=>ABL ?@8 >@30=870F88 @01>BK ?> :C;LBC@5 @5G8 A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB> =C6=> 4>18BLAO, GB>1K :064K9 CG0I89AO >F5=8; ?> =>@<5 ;8B5@0BC@=>3> >1@07F0 >1@07>20==CN 8< D>@<C. ;O B>3> GB>1K MB> ?@>87>H;>, 5<C =C6=> 2A?><=8BL, :0:8<8 D>@<0<8 A;>2, 8<5NI8<8AO 2 CG51=8:5, >= ?>;L7C5BAO 2 A2>59 @5G8, 8 5A;8 C?>B@51;O5<0O D>@<0 845B 2@07@57 A =>@<0<8 ;8B5@0BC@=>3> O7K:0, 70?><=8BL BC, :>B>@0O A>>B25BAB2C5B =>@<5. !>AB02=>9 G0ABLN @01>BK ?@8 2K?>;=5=88 MB8E C?@06=5=89 AB0=>28BAO A@02=5=85 A;>20, D>@<K A;>20, A;>2>A>G5B0=8O, C?>B@51;5==KE H:>;L=8:><, A ?@028;>< 8;8 >1@07F><, 40==K< 2 C?@06=5=88, 2 ?@8;>65=88 >2>@8 ?@028;L=> 8;8 2 A;>20@5. A>1>3> 2=8<0=8O B@51C5B @01>B0 =04 8A?@02;5=85< A8=B0:A8G5A:8E >H81>:, A2O70==KE A C?>B@51;5=85< 455?@8G0AB89.  :0G5AB25 7040=8O <>6=> ?@54;>68BL A;54CNI55.  :0:8E ?@54;>65=8OE <>6=>, 0 2 :0:8E =5;L7O 70<5=8BL G0ABL ?@54;>65=8O>340 O 25@=C;AO 4><>9455?@8G0AB=K< >1>@>B><5@=C2H8AL 4><>9!>G5<C? >340 O 25@=C;AO 4><>9> <=5 ?@8H;8 4@C7LO / A45;0; C@>:8 # =0A 7072>=8; B5;5D>= >30A A25B !?5F80;L=>9 >B@01>B:8 B@51C5B =>@<0B82=K9 0A?5:B C?>B@51;5=8O ?@54;>3>2. >;57=0 :;0AA8D8:0F8O >H81>: 2 A;>2>A>G5B0=8OE, ?>AB@>5==KE ?> A?>A>1C C?@02;5=8O. 2;045=8N :;0AA8D8:0F859 ?><>65B B01;8F0. 84K A8=B0:A8G5A:8E >H81>:@8<5@K >H81>G=>3> C?>B@51;5=8O5 B>B ?@54;>3 8H=89 ?@54;>3 5 B>B ?0456 5 B>B ?@54;>3 8 =5 B>B ?0456 7028A8<>3> A;>20@8H5; A <03078=0 ?5@8@>20BL A F8D@0<8 !>3;0A=> 4>3>2>@0 -B> A2845B5;LAB2C5B 70 B>B 01>B0O A B01;8F59, CG0I85AO =0E>4OB >H81:C 8 70?8AK20NB A;>2>A>G5B0=8O 2 8A?@02;5==>< 2845; ?@8 ?><>I8 B01;8FK E0@0:B5@87CNB 284 >H81:8 2 40==KE CG8B5;5< A;>2>A>G5B0=8OE 8 B. ?. '5B25@B>5 =0?@02;5=85 @50;87C5BAO 2 @57C;LB0B5 CA8;5=8O 2=8<0=8O : A5<0=B8:5 <>@D>;>38G5A:8E O2;5=89 2> 2708<>A2O78 A 8E DC=:F859 2 ?@54;>65=88 8 >A>15==> 2 B5:AB5. @8<5@>< C?@06=5=89, 2 :>B>@KE 2=8<0=85 CG0I8EAO ?@82;5:05BAO : A5<0=B8G5A:>9 A?5F8D8:5 87CG05<>3> <>@D>;>38G5A:>3> <0B5@80;0, <>65B 1KBL B0:>5. !?8H8B5, @0AAB02;OO ?@>?CI5==K5 7=0:8, 2K45;OO ?@8G0AB=K5 >1>@>BK. >6=> ;8 A:070BL, GB> A ?><>ILN ?@8G0AB=KE >1>@>B>2 E0@0:B5@87C5BAO 1KB ?><5I8:>2 8 4065 >?8A0=K 87<5=5=8O, :>B>@K5 ?@>87>H;8 2 687=8 >4=>3> 87 =8E? 25=04F0BL ;5B =5 2840; >= A2>59 @>48=K. 5@57:8, :>B>@K5 ?@8 =5<B>;L:> GB> 1K;8 ?>A065=K >:>;> 701>@0 2K@>A;8 8 AB0;8 B5?5@L 2KA>:8<825B28ABK<8 45@52LO<8. 2>@ =5:>340 C:@0H5==K9 B@5<O ?@028;L=K<8 F25B=8:0<8 <564C :>B>@K<8 H;0 H8@>:0O 4>@>30 BI0B5;L=> 2K<5B05<0O >1@0I5= 1K; 2 =5:>H5=K9 ;C3, =0 :>B>@>< ?0A;0AL >?CB0==0O ;>H04L.(.  C H : 8 =)  ?>4>1=KE C?@06=5=8OE @50;87CNBAO <56?@54<5B=K5 A2O78. -B0?K 87CG5=8O <>@D>;>388 2545=85 2 :C@A <>@D>;>388 >1>1I5==KE <>@D>;>38G5A:8E ?>=OB89 2=>A8B 87<5=5=8O 2 ?@>F5AA 55 87CG5=8O. ! 3>40<8 ?@>8AE>48B A>:@0I5=85 CG51=>3> 2@5<5=8 =0 A>1AB25==> <>@D>;>38G5A:CN @01>BC, B. 5. @01>BC ?> ?5@2><C =0?@02;5=8N. -B> ?>72>;O5B 1>;LH5 70=8<0BLAO ?@8 87CG5=88 <>@D>;>38G5A:8E B5< @0728B85< @5G8, ?>2KH5=85< :C;LBC@K @5G8, >2;045=85< >@D>3@0D859 8 ?C=:BC0F859. "0:8< >1@07>< >15A?5G8205BAO 4>AB865=85 ?@0:B8G5A:8E F5;59 >1CG5=8O: @5G52KE, :><<C=8:0B82=KE, ?@02>?8A=KE. A;8 2 V-VI :;0AA0E 87CG5=85 <>@D>;>388 >ACI5AB2;O;>AL A >?>@>9 =0 >1>1I5==K5 <>@D>;>38G5A:85 ?>=OB8O, B> 2 VII :;0AA5 E0@0:B5@ 45OB5;L=>AB8 CG0I8EAO 8 CG8B5;59 1C45B ?@8=F8?80;L=> >B;8G0BLAO >B 459AB289 2 ?@54H5AB2CNI85 3>4K. !5<8:;0AA=8:8 >1=0@C6820NB C<5=85 A2>1>4=> >?5@8@>20BL >1>1I5==K<8 <>@D>;>38G5A:8<8 ?>=OB8O<8, ?@8=F8?0<8 :;0AA8D8:0F88 G0AB59 @5G8 8 ?@85<0<8 >??>78F8>==>3> 0=0;870 <>@D>;>38G5A:8E ?@87=0:>2. >@D>;>38G5A:85 7=0=8O, C<5=8O 8 =02K:8 8E AB0=>2OBAO A@54AB2>< ?>;CG5=8O A2545=89 > 2=>2L 87CG05<KE G0ABOE @5G8. #G0I85AO A0<>AB>OB5;L=> 2K45;ONB <>@D>;>38G5A:85 ?@87=0:8 A;>2 8 A;>2>D>@<, B>;L:> ?@8ABC?82 : 87CG5=8N =>2>9 G0AB8 @5G8; A>AB02;ONB :;0AA8D8:0F88 G0AB59 @5G8, 2K18@0O @07;8G=K5 :@8B5@88 (A0<>AB>OB5;L=K5 8 A;C651=K5 G0AB8 @5G8; 87<5=O5<K5 8 =587<5=O5<K5; 8<5==K5 8 3;03>;L=K5); A0<>AB>OB5;L=> 40NB ?>A;5 0=0;870 >?@545;5=8O 2=>2L 87CG05<KE G0AB59 @5G8; >1>A=>2K20NB 157>H81>G=>ABL <>@D>;>38G5A:>3> 0=0;870 8 :@8B8G5A:8 >F5=820NB 53> @57C;LB0BK ?@8 ?>O2;5=88 >H81>:; @073@0=8G820NB ?>AB>O==K5 8 =5?>AB>O==K5 ?@87=0:8 G0AB59 @5G8. =K<8 A;>20<8, 5A;8 87CG5=85 <>@D>;>388 ?@>8AE>48;> =0 >A=>25 >1>1I5==KE <>@D>;>38G5A:8E ?>=OB89, H:>;L=8:8 =0 A54L<>< 3>4C >1CG5=8O A?>A>1=K A0<>AB>OB5;L=> >?5@8@>20BL <>@D>;>38G5A:8<8 7=0=8O<8, C<5=8O<8 8 =02K:0<8; AB@>8BL C<>70:;NG5=8O. >;L CG8B5;O A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB> >=: 1) ?@54;0305B (@07;8G=K<8 A?>A>10<8) O7K:>2>9 <0B5@80; 4;O 0=0;870; 2) A ?><>ILN 2>?@>A>2 =0?@02;O5B 0=0;87 CG5=8:>2 ?@8 >1JOA=5=88 =>2>3> <0B5@80;0; 3) 22>48B =>2K5 B5@<8=K; 4) >@30=87C5B 70:@5?;5=85 87CG5==>3>. 0B5@80; CG51=8:0 >15A?5G8205B 2K?>;=5=85 2A5E ?5@5G8A;5==KE DC=:F89 CG8B5;O.  <5B>48G5A:>9 ;8B5@0BC@5 ("@>AB5=F>20 .. 1CG5=85 @CAA:><C O7K:C 2 H:>;5 :0: F5;5=0?@02;5==K9 ?@>F5AA. ., 1990) ?>4@>1=> =0 ?@8<5@5 B5<K 55?@8G0AB85 >?8A0=>, :0: ?@>8AE>48B A>:@0I5=85 2@5<5=8 =0 A>1AB25==> <>@D>;>38G5A:CN @01>BC.  @57C;LB0B5 25AL <0B5@80; ?@8 0:B82=>9 A0<>AB>OB5;L=>9 @01>B5 CG0I8EAO 87CG05BAO 70 >48= C@>:. AB0;L=K5 452OBL C@>:>2 AB0=>2OBAO C@>:0<8 @0728B8O 3@0<<0B8G5A:>3> AB@>O 45BA:>9 @5G8, C<5=8O ?@028;L=> AB@>8BL ?@54;>65=8O A 455?@8G0AB=K<8 >1>@>B0<8, ?C=:BC0F8>==> ?@028;L=> >D>@<;OBL ?@54;>65=85 A MB8<8 >1>@>B0<8 8 B.4.  8B>35 2 ?@>F5AA5 >1CG5=8O <>@D>;>388 2K45;ONBAO B@8 MB0?0, @07;8G0NI85AO ?> AB5?5=8 AD>@<8@>20==>AB8 C H:>;L=8:>2 <>@D>;>38G5A:8E C<5=89 8 =02K:>2. 0 ?5@2>< MB0?5 22>4OBAO >1>1I5==K5 <>@D>;>38G5A:85 ?>=OB8O; D>@<8@CNBAO <>@D>;>38G5A:85 C<5=8O ?>42>48BL O7K:>2>9 <0B5@80; ?>4 ?>=OB85 G0ABL @5G8, >1=0@C65=8O <>@D>;>38G5A:8E ?@87=0:>2 ?CB5< A>?>AB02;5=8O A;>2 8;8 D>@< A;>2. >AB5?5==> ?@>8AE>48B A>:@0I5==>ABL 8 02B><0B878@>20==>ABL 459AB289 0=0;870, GB> ?@>O2;O5BAO 2 C7=020=88 2 ;8F> 2A5 1>;LH53> :>;8G5AB20 G0AB59 @5G8 8 8E <>@D>;>38G5A:8E ?@87=0:>2. 1KG=> 2A5 CG0I85AO ?@>E>4OB ?5@2K9 MB0? : A5@548=5 H5AB>3> 3>40 >1CG5=8O. 0 2B>@>< MB0?5 >=8 C<5NB ?@8<5=OBL >1>1I5==K5 <>@D>;>38G5A:85 ?>=OB8O ?@8 87CG5=88 =>2>3> <0B5@80;0. 7<5=O5BAO A>>B=>H5=85 <564C :>;8G5AB2>< C@>:>2 >1JOA=5=8O =>2>3> <0B5@80;0 8 C@>:>2 70:@5?;5=8O 8 ?>2B>@5=8O: :>;8G5AB2> ?5@2KE @57:> A>:@0I05BAO, 2B>@KE - 7=0G8B5;L=> C25;8G8205BAO; C25;8G8205BAO >1J5< 87CG05<KE 70 >48= C@>: A2545=89. B>@>9 MB0? 70:0=G8205BAO >1KG=> : <><5=BC 87CG5=8O B5<K 55?@8G0AB85. 0 B@5BL5< MB0?5 CG0I85AO A?>A>1=K A0<>AB>OB5;L=> CAB0=02;820BL 2=CB@8?@54<5B=K5 A2O78 A >?>@>9 =0 >1>1I5==K5 <>@D>;>38G5A:85 ?>=OB8O. >;LH8=AB2> A5<8:;0AA=8:>2 <>3CB A0<>AB>OB5;L=> A?@02;OBLAO A 0=0;87>< =>2KE G0AB59 @5G8; C<5NB A0<>AB>OB5;L=> ?5@5=>A8BL 8<5NI85AO 7=0=8O 8 C<5=8O =0 =587CG5==K9 <0B5@80;; ?@>4>;605BAO CA:>@5=85 B5<?0 @01>BK. "@8 MB0?0 2 87CG5=88 <>@D>;>388 - MB> 4>:070B5;LAB2> 48=0<8:8 ?@>F5AA0 >1CG5=8O, @0728B8O <>@D>;>38G5A:8E C<5=89 8 =02K:>2. A;8 ?>4>1=>3> =5 ?@>8AE>48B, B> =5;L7O 3>2>@8BL > B><, GB> <>@D>;>38O CA2>5=0. 3.  :C@A5 <>@D>;>388 CG5=8:8 4>;6=K ?@8>1@5AB8 A;54CNI85 C<5=8O 8 =02K:8: 3) 704020BL : A;>2C 3@0<<0B8G5A:89 (G0AB5@5G=K9) 2>?@>A; 4) >?@545;OBL G0AB5@5G=CN ?@8=04;56=>ABL A;>20; 5) @073@0=8G820BL D>@<K >4=>3> A;>20 8 @07=K5 A;>20; 6) @073@0=8G820BL 3@0<<0B8G5A:>5 8 ;5:A8G5A:>5 7=0G5=85 A;>20; 7) A:;>=OBL 8 A?@O30BL A;>20 2 A>>B25BAB288 A 3@0<<0B8G5A:8<8 =>@<0<8; 8) =0E>48BL 2 A;>2>A>G5B0=88, ?@54;>65=88 8 B5:AB5 87CG05<K5 3@0<<0B8G5A:85 O2;5=8O; 9) ?@>872>48BL <>@D>;>38G5A:89 @071>@ A;>2 @07=KE G0AB59 @5G8 8 4@. ;O 2K@01>B:8 MB8E C<5=89 8 D>@<8@>20=8O =02K:>2 8A?>;L7CNBAO A;54CNI85 284K 7040=89: 1) =09B8 87CG05<>5 ;8=328AB8G5A:>5 O2;5=85 (=0?@8<5@, A;>2> >?@545;5==>9 G0AB8 @5G8 8;8 2 >?@545;5==>9 3@0<<0B8G5A:>9 D>@<5) 2 A?8A:5 A;>2, ?@54;>65=88 8;8 B5:AB5; 2) ?>4>1@0BL (2K1@0BL 87 B5:AB0, A;>20@O 8;8 ?@84C<0BL A0<>AB>OB5;L=>) ?@8<5@K, 8;;NAB@8@CNI85 87CG05<>5 ;8=328AB8G5A:>5 O2;5=85; 3) A3@C??8@>20BL A;>20 8;8 A;>2>D>@<K ?> 7040==><C >A=>20=8N; 4) ?@>A:;>=OBL \ ?@>A?@O30BL A;>2>. >4>1=K5 C?@06=5=8O =0?@02;5=K =0 D>@<8@>20=85 C<5=89 8 =02K:>2 CG0I8EAO 2 ?@>F5AA5 87CG5=8O <>@D>;>388. 4. 06=59H8< A8=B5B8G5A:8< C<5=85< ?> <>@D>;>388 O2;O5BAO <>@D>;>38G5A:89 @071>@, :>B>@K9 2 H:>;L=>9 ?@0:B8:5 ?@8=OB> ?@>872>48BL 4;O 2A5E G0AB59 @5G8, :@><5 <564><5B8O. A5 >A=>2=K5 CG51=>-<5B>48G5A:85 :><?;5:AK ?> @CAA:><C O7K:C A>45@60B ?;0=K 8 ?@8<5@K <>@D>;>38G5A:8E @071>@>2 87CG05<KE G0AB59 @5G8. >?@>AK: 1. 0:>2K 7040G8 87CG5=8O <>@D>;>388 2 H:>;5? 2. 0:85 ;8=32>4840:B8G5A:85 >A=>2K H:>;L=>3> :C@A0 <>@D>;>388 2K 7=05B5? 3. 0:>2K ?@8=F8?K 87CG5=8O <>@D>;>388? 4. 0:85 ACI5AB2CNB <5B>4K 87CG5=8O <>@D>;>388? 5. 0:85 2AB@5G0NBAO <>@D>;>38G5A:85 >H81:8? 6. 0:85 ACI5AB2CNB MB0?K 87CG5=8O <>@D>;>388? 8B5@0BC@0: 1. 02@8;>20 .$. 7CG5=85 3@0<<0B8:8 @CAA:>3> O7K:0 2 H:>;5.  . 0 >=C, 2007. 2. 02@8;>20 .$. @>1;5<=K5 2>?@>AK 8 A8BC0F88 ?@8 87CG5=88 3@0<<0B8:8// /(.  1991.- ! 2. 3. 75@A:0O .. 7CG5=85 <>@D>;>388 =0 A8=B0:A8G5A:>9 >A=>25.  ., 1989. !>45@60=85 H:>;L=>3> :C@A0 <>@D>;>388 NjNF̈Jt h$ & F[$\$a$gdVSG$ & F[$\$a$gdVSG$ & F[$\$a$gdVSG$[$\$a$gdVSG$ & F[$\$a$gdVSGD ˆʈJbdln *,hrtԓ֓"ů٠٠ůůŠůůŠُُُُ렏٠!hPOhVSG0JB*CJaJphhPOhVSGB*CJaJph*hPOhVSG0J6B*CJ\]aJph&hPOhVSG6B*CJ\]aJph#hPOhVSG6B*CJ]aJph'hPOhVSG0J6B*CJ]aJph5TZ$TSkd$$IfTF 'F Fx F  t06    4TBayt$$If[$\$a$gd$[$\$a$gdVSG  "ҝԝPR02^`~~:ղղղղղղ沞"jhCJUaJmHnHu'hPOhVSG0J6B*CJ]aJph#hPOhVSG6B*CJ]aJph hPOhVSGB*CJ\aJph!hPOhVSG0JB*CJaJphhPOhVSGB*CJaJphhPOhVSGCJaJ4&`bkd$$IfTF 'F Fx F  t06    4TBayt$$If[$\$a$gd 8tubbb$$If[$\$a$gdkd$$IfTF 'F Fx F  t06    4TBaytfTufEEE $ & F [$\$^`a$gdVSG$[$\$a$gdVSGkda$$IfTF 'F Fx F  t06    4TBayt xȥ^IJ:h~$$If[$\$a$gd$[$\$a$gdVSG$ [$\$^`a$gdVSG~Nyyff$$If[$\$a$gd$[$\$a$gdVSGwkd,$$IfT0FF t064TBayt̵Dhuuuuuuuu$$If[$\$a$gdwkd$$IfT0FF t064TBayt X̺~<pryyyyyqqqqqqq$a$gdVSG$[$\$a$gdVSGwkd$$IfT0FF t064TBayt rRT&(\^ln$a$gdVSGPR hj>@` [$\$gdVSG$a$gdVSG24&rtv˷h:''hPOhVSG5B*OJQJ\^JphhPOhVSGB*CJaJphhPOhVSGB*CJaJph333hPOhVSGCJaJhVSGCJaJmH sH 4&rtv $ a$gdVSG $a$gdVSG$[$\$a$gdVSG [$\$gdVSG21h:p:'. A!"R#n$n% nrQ2A'G5qPNG  IHDR52 pHYsr,IDATxc? p RIENDB`ns: KQR;EPNG  IHDRC]o pHYsGCQIDATxc? T  2_IENDB`$$If!vh5Q 5* 5] #vQ #v* #v] :V T t065 5x 5 / 4TByt$$If!vh5Q 5* 5] #vQ #v* #v] :V T t065 5x 5 / 4TByt$$If!vh5Q 5* 5] #vQ #v* #v] :V T t065 5x 5 / 4TByt$$If!vh5Q 5* 5] #vQ #v* #v] :V T t065 5x 5 / 4TByt$$If!vh5l5l#vl:V T t065/ 4TByt$$If!vh5f5r#vf#vr:V T t0655/ 4TByt$$If!vh5f5r#vf#vr:V T t0655/ 4TBytj 8>>>>666666666vvvvvvvvv666666>6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666h86666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662 0@P`p28 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p8XV~ OJPJQJ_HmHnHsHtHR`R VSG1KG=K9(CJOJPJQJ^J_HaJmHsHtHhh k0 03>;>2>: 1$$@&'5B*CJOJPJQJ\^JaJph6_l@l k0 03>;>2>: 2$<@&`a$$56CJOJPJQJ\]^JaJ`` k0 03>;>2>: 3$$@&5B*OJPJQJ\^JphOff k0 03>;>2>: 4$<@&`a$5CJOJPJQJ\^JaJbb k0 03>;>2>: 5 <@&$56CJOJPJQJ\]^JaJNN k 03>;>2>: 7 <@&OJPJQJ^JTT k 03>;>2>: 8 <@&6OJPJQJ]^JBA`B A=>2=>9 H@8DB 0170F0Xi@X 01KG=0O B01;8F04 l4a .k . 0 5B A?8A:0 dd k003>;>2>: 1 =0:+5B*CJOJPJQJ\^JaJph6_tH`` k003>;>2>: 2 =0:(56CJOJPJQJ\]^JaJtHdd k003>;>2>: 3 =0:+5B*CJOJPJQJ\^JaJphOtHZ!Z k003>;>2>: 4 =0:"5CJOJPJQJ\^JaJtH`1` k003>;>2>: 5 =0:(56CJOJPJQJ\]^JaJtHTAT k03>;>2>: 7 =0:CJOJPJQJ^JaJtHZQZ k03>;>2>: 8 =0:"6CJOJPJQJ]^JaJtHX>bX k0720=85 `a$#5B*CJOJPJQJ\^Jph^q^ k 0720=85 =0:+5B*CJOJPJQJ\^JaJphtH2X2 k0 K45;5=856^Jd d k 57 8=B5@20;0$7`7a$ CJOJPJQJ^J_HaJtH\/\ k57 8=B5@20;0 =0: CJOJPJQJ^J_HaJtHdd k0 170F A?8A:0d^`a$m$CJOJPJQJ^JaJ`^`` VSG01KG=K9 (251),1KG=K9 (Web)dd[$\$BoB VSGapple-converted-spacePK![Content_Types].xmlj0Eжr(΢Iw},-j4 wP-t#bΙ{UTU^hd}㨫)*1P' ^W0)T9<l#$yi};~@(Hu* Dנz/0ǰ $ X3aZ,D0j~3߶b~i>3\`?/[G\!-Rk.sԻ..a濭?PK!֧6 _rels/.relsj0 }Q%v/C/}(h"O = C?hv=Ʌ%[xp{۵_Pѣ<1H0ORBdJE4b$q_6LR7`0̞O,En7Lib/SeеPK!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xml M @}w7c(EbˮCAǠҟ7՛K Y, e.|,H,lxɴIsQ}#Ր ֵ+!,^$j=GW)E+& 8PK!Ƶtheme/theme/theme1.xmlYnE#;8U i-qN3'JH DA\8 R>CW]{'ސ{g?x݈]"$q+_,y>8{7 K }xLވHe 2{Rܜaˋ??<ߟdžSr$L].<İT̟72S"ѵ_JwL&BJ05kZVyVy|xC OO|x>+<>@(:??/>5{yxFDdm 3^q5'=q6nib-$RB}}YGq=xK@;)^qbha79g . pUʹ;bbmc[$c'a}5KKfH5HL!ݦ&|mK{N6M6hq v|y 58+zH  *~ HHy\K*t@G>{sA}"))y sGfۡqǾ'w E1 [8>ܤ4Aбt׎~ls14_>,Ȭ7TT GqME=w-i>mo[oiBszbP:j5if F 9Pɉ* k\ A ;!N`.{I SցD p3˅5veU}AbvyA/g 氚 Z N+lR~aeԩj9&&CLgMʼn7a A0ƀHEA3~{q q1vƨl効9)>൜fN1N FIrdq8Y^:_73.|3 f%Jش?MOY s 3;} Rc0`d[鯠$ÿ - έhǴ"P 6T{TUٴ+9E28Y*MOt0O9Bݍqg7Ŕ9O)z?7#]u rBIHAאTpl>՟,SpT4@~BA%}'0+{eRF&rĪ#uu\{BHuM6`pG}N+!'_oN콶3a3dXZzCyCUɪ嶂ZZZ۱f,fAg-@`g v6V?Dhf6t=M&ʺ6ײ'݉#֚>d8s9xN=ڮjAv11;u2%M2oN1uo%տPK! ѐ'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0wooӺ&݈Э5 6?$Q ,.aic21h:qm@RN;d`o7gK(M&$R(.1r'JЊT8V"AȻHu}|$b{P8g/]QAsم(#L[PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!֧6 +_rels/.relsPK-!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!Ƶtheme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-! ѐ' theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK] p$yv=@z|ON~rv>?y{}~/Xb$Q2A'G5qz4b$: KQR;E{@"(    vA?"img-R7KYY_ 8AC=>: 2img-R7KYY_3"  vA?"img-0WJBAb 8AC=>: 3img-0WJBAb3"B S  ?QQp\\8?""23'6.6B6F6Y6]6_6a66677BBQQcWdWiWjWWW.`9`bbccccffi i$i/ip"pp/ np r   D  QI  lmF/ l#u#Y$s$**+++,--22h3k355 6 66677!8*888<<AAiBqBBBB C=C>C?C@C}FFLLPPQQS)STTZV|VVV_W`W/X:XXX]YjYZZk[r[e\o\]]]]<_E_`|```aa{b~bc%cddddff ggggVpXpp!::;;==AAB~BBB C'CSCCxDDnPP(QGQkQQQZRRWW_`fbf^lln(np~.U#6( XF&`|hdqp(V$^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.Uhqp XF~.:'VSGIfy}kpp@ 8pUnknownG*Ax Times New Roman5Symbol3. *Cx Arial7.@ Calibri7K@CambriaA BCambria Math"1hl'l' _ 9_ 9n0PpPp2qHP $PVSG2!xxHPHP      Oh+'0 px   HP Normal.dotmHP1Microsoft Office Word@H'@LE@K _՜.+,0 hp  Hewlett-Packard9Pp     !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry F4 LData 1Table 5WordDocument)SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjy  F' Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 MSWordDocWord.Document.89q