ࡱ> Z\Y)`bjbj.H{{>>>>>>>D l +  =+?+?+?+?+?+?+$,h.>c+>O O O c+>> x+***O f> > =+*O =+**>>* '͈ )*=++0+*2/* 2/**J2/>+$  * w c+c+* +O O O O t dt R4">>>>>> MINERAL KISLOTALAR TOZALIGINI TEKSHIRISH Sulfat kislotasi H2SO4 Sulfat kislota sud kimyosi amaliyotida biologik obyektlarni parchalash, kimyoviy reaksiyalarni o'tkazishda ko'p miqdorda ishlatilganligi uchun o'zida nitrat kislota va ba'zi bir anorganik moddalar ionlari (ayniqsa og'ir metallar, arsen, selen ionlari)ni saqlamasligi kerak. Sulfat kislota tozaligini aniqlash: a) Nitrat va nitrit kislotalarini aniqlash maqsadida tekshirish olib borish uchun 12 tomchi tekshiriluvchi konsentrlangan sulfat kislotani chinni idishda olib, unga difenilaminning 1% li rangsiz sulfat kislotadagi eritmasidan bir tomchi tomizib ko'riladi. Bunda zangori rang hosil bo'lmasligi kerak. Kimyoviy jarayon quyidagicha boradi b) Sulfat kislotada qo'rg'oshin ioni bor-yo'qligini aniqlash maqsadida tekshirish olib borish uchun, PbSO4moddasining spirtli muhitda erimasligidan foydalaniladi. Buning uchun 25 ml konsentrik sulfat kislotani 75 ml 96 gradus spirt solingan stakanga quyiladi va yaxshilab aralashtiriladi, bunda hech qanday oq loyqa yoki cho'kma hosil bo'lmasligi kerak. 25 ml tekshiriluvchi sulfat kislotani 300 ml gacha toza suv bilan suyultiriladi (bunda oldin suv olib, keyin unga kislota quyish kerakligini unutmaslik lozim) va unga gaz holidagi sulfid kislotadan yuboriladi. Eritmada vaqt o'tishi bilan qora cho'kma yoki qoramtir rang hosil bo'lmasligi kerak. d)Sulfat kislota tarkibidagi selen birikmalarini aniqlash uchun 1020 ml suyultirilgan sulfat kislotaga gidroksilamin tuzining to'yingan eritmasidan 12 ml quyib, aralashmani 1015daqiqa qaynatiladi. Bunda qizil cho'kma selen elementi cho'kmasligi kerak. Sulfat kislotadagi selen moddasini aniqlash uchun tekshiriluvchi eritmaga kodeinning konsentrlangan sulfat kislotadagi eritmasidan 56 tomchi qo'shiladi. Bunda selen uchun xarakterli bo'lgan ko'k rang hosil bo'lmasligi kerak. e)Sulfat kislotadagi arsen birikmalarini aniqlash uchun 100 ml kislotani Marsh usuli bilan tekshiriladi. Bundan tashqari, sud kimyosi amaliyotida arsen moddasini aniqlash uchun Marsh usulidan tashqari ba'zi bir usul (reaksiya) lar ham qo'llanadi. Bu reaksiyalar yordamida kislota tarkibidan arsen birikmalarini topish mumkin bo'lmasa, kislotani Marsh usuli bilan oxirgi marta tekshirib ko'riladi. I. Zanger Blek usuli:20 ml sulfat kislotani 160 ml gacha suyultiriladi va uni og'zi tor Erlenmeer kolbasiga quyiladi va 24 g rux bo'lakchalari ( rux bo'lakchalarini bir necha sekund qora parda bilan qoplanguncha 0,05 % li mis sulfat eritmasiga tushirib olinadi) qo'shiladi va kolbaninng og'zini qo'rg'oshin atsetat eritmasiga shimdirib quritilgan (H2S ni ushlab qolish uchun) paxta bilan berkitiladi. Paxta ustini 5%li sulema yoki simob bromid eritmasiga shimdirib quritilgan filtr qog'ozi bilan yopib qo'yiladi. 12 soat o'tgach, filtr qog'ozida qo'ng'ir yoki sariq rang hosil bo'lmasligi kerak. Bunda kimyoviy reaksiyalar quyidagicha boradi:  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://moodle.pharmi.uz/intranet/Elibrary/Tokspraktikum/Toksikologiya/bob_1.files/image012.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Nitrat kislota sud kimyosi amaliyotida biologik obyektlarni parchalash uchun juda ko'p miqdorda ishlatiladi, masalan, 100 g obyekt uchun 300 ml gacha nitrat kislota sarf bo'lishi mumkin. Bundan tashqari, galogen hosilalariga (CHCl3, CCl4, C2H4,Cl2va boshqalar) tekshirish olib borilayotganda ham muhit sifatida qo'llanadi. Shuning uchun nitrat kislota o'z tarkibida anorganik toksikologik ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan moddalarni, ular tarkibiga kirgan elementlarni, anion-lardan esa Cl-, SO42-larni saqlamasligi kerak. Nitrat kislota tozaligini aniqlash.1. Nitrat kislota tarkibidagi arsen birikmalarini aniqlash uchun tekshirilishi lozim bo'lgan 50 ml nitrat kislotani so'ruvchi shkaf tagida suv hammomi yordamida quriguncha bug'latiladi. Qoldiqqa 25 ml kimyoviy konsentrlangan sulfat kislota qo'shib, uni oq SO3bug'i ko'tarilgunga qadar qizdiriladi va undan nitrat kislota qoldig'i to'liq yo'qolganligini difenilamin yordami bilan tekshiriladi. Aks holda nitrat kislota oksidlovchi bo'lganligi sababli arsenni besh valentli holatdan arsen (III) vodorodgacha qaytarishga xalaqit beradi. Oksidlovchi to'la yo'qotilgandan so'ng, uni 23 marta suyultiri-ladi va eritmaning bir qismi bilan sulfat kislotani tekshirishda aytib o'tilgani kabi arsen bor yo'qligini aniqlash uchun Zanger Blek va Gutseyt reaksiyalari qilib ko'riladi. Eritmaning ikkinchi qismida og'ir metallar borligi tekshiriladi. Buning uchun eritmani gaz holidagi sulfid kislota bilan to'yintiriladi. Bunda hech qanday cho'kma yoki loyqa hosil bo'lmasligi kerak. Nitrat kislota ana shu tekshirishlar natijasida arsen moddalari topilmasa, uni aniqlash uchun Marsh apparatida asosiy tekshirish olib boriladi. Buning uchun 300 ml nitrat kislotani yuqorida ko'rsatilganidek bug'latiladi va nitrat kislotasi to'liq uchirilgach, qoldiq toza sulfat kislotada eritiladi va Marsh usuli qo'llanadi. 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